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'SUEJOHANNSENL TRANSFORMER.

APPLICATION FILED "UV. lhl ib- Patented May 20, 1919.

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ELESIR-XC CGM'PAlt-TY, A CO'ELPOBATION OF NEW YORK.

TRENSFfiRKEB.

alpecificatioh oi Letters Patent.

Patented so, 1919.

application filed Eorcmbor 13, 1-815.- Serial Kc. 80,843.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known the l. Svnnc E. Jose's:- NnsnN, a. citizen of the United States, residing at Pittslield; in the county of Berkshire, State of Massachusetts, have invented cerwin new and useful Improvements in Transformers, of Which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to transformers, more particularly to obtaining greater security against failures thereof.

One of the classes orfailures of transformers to be most carefully guarded against is that of puncture or breakdown between. the high and low voltage windings. Such failures result in much higher potentials on the normally low voltage sides of the systems than contemplated in the design of the low voltage apparatus connected thereto, and not only is such apparatus thus endangered but life itself may be endangered. Now the terminals or line leads of the windings, or the parts of the windinps immediately adjacent the line leads, seem particu larly subject to breakdowns; one reason for this is that various disturbances entering t1 Winding from the lines. produce abnormal potentials at these points. lleretofore the line leads of each Winding have been located as far apart as possible with a view to economizing the insulation material, since normally the greatest difference in potential in any Winding exists between its terminals. l have found, often brings the terminals of one Winding so close to the other Winding that breakdowns originating at one terminal are made direct to. or are communicated to, the other Winding.

A particular object of my invention is to so relocate the leads iii transformers of multilayer coils. particularly the leads of the high voltage windings, as to minimize this danger. 1 do this by connecting the terminals of, say, the high voltage winding to such layers of that winding as are separated from the low voltage winding by another or other layers of the high voltage Winding. The low voltage Winding is thus located adjacent parts of the high voltage Winding of lower normal potential than heretofore is separated by the inductance of those other layers of the high voltage Winding from surges on the high voltage lines. and is as it were, further insulated from the potentiz r of the high voltage terminals by those other layers.

in the accompanying drawing 1 have illustrated a transformer enihoclying my 1nvention. Figure 1 illustrates the transformer in perspective; Fig. 2 rep esents a section of this transformer, one section of the core being omitted for clearness; and Fig. 3

shows diagrammatically the arrangement of the windings and terminals.

In the following detailed desciption and claims, I shall for convenience and clearness refer to primary and secondary windings. It will be understood however, that either Winding may he prnnary and the other correspondingly the secondary Wind-- ing, and that my invention is not limited by this use of these terms except as herein indicated.

The middle core leg 5 oi' the trans'forn'ier illustrated is surrounded by the windings. The primary windinq comprises the two concentric cylindrical, multilayer coils (3 and 7. The layers of',tliese coils are Wound in the direction of the axis of the coils; that is, the terminal layer of the coil (3 proceeds from the line lead 8 to the bottom turn 9, and from thence the conductor passes to the bottom turn 10 and baclr to the top of the coil at the turn 11. the coils being indicated in Fig. 3 by small circles and the course of current between the various turns by lines joining the circles. The upper turn 22 oi? the outer layer oi the coil 6 is connected at 16 to the upper turn 23 01 he inner layer of the coil 7. At each side of the primary Winding 67 is a concentrically located coil 1'? and 18 comprising the secondary \vindinq. These two coils are likewise joined in series, by the connection 19, and are provided with line leads 20 and 21 as indicated.

It will be seen from the drawing that the coils 6 and 7 comprise the high voltage winding of this transformer and that the line leads for this winding leave this Winding at the center layers thereof. Any breakdown Within the high voltage Winding adjacent either line lead 8 or 12 is necessarily confined within the high voltage winding itself, and is separated from the secondary Winding by certain layers of the primary winding. Thus a breakdown occurring at the point where the terminal 8 enters the coil or taking place anywhere Within the I terminal layer 89 of'this coil which are the places in which a breakdown is most likely to occun is Separated from the coil 18 by the primary layer l0-1l and the layers tothe left thereof, beside being separated fronrt-he secondary coil 1'? by the primary coil 7. Similarly any breakdown adjacent the line lead 12 is separated from the low 'oltage coilslT and 18.

While I have described the principle of my invention and the best mode I have contemplated for applying" this principle, other modifications will occur to those skilled in this art and I aim in the appended claims to cover all modifications which do not involve a departure from the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent or the United States, is,--

1. A transformer con'iprising acljacently located multilayer secondary and primary windings, each line lead for both of said wimflings being connected to a layer of its respective Winding which is srparated from all layers of the other winding by other layers of the same, windin 2. A transformer comprising a high volt age multilayer cylindrical winding, and a low voltage winding incluclinga concentrically located coil at each side of the high voltage winding, each line lead for the high voltage windingbeing tapped into a layer thereof which is separated from the low voltage coils on both sides thereof by other layers of said high voltage Winding.

In Witness whereof/l have hereunto set my hand this 10th day of November, 1915.

SVEND E. JOHAHNESEN. 

